油价是由国家政策决定的吗_油价是国家决定的吗英语

1.翻译一段文章

2.求教英语高手 中英文摘要翻译 不胜感激，在线等~

3.请英文好的朋友帮忙翻译下列文字

4.经济行业常用的英语词汇

翻译一段文章

确切一年前今天，原油为$50换了每桶，差不多50%在现价之下。 在，石油新闻注意了从被记录的“巨型的” $12每桶减退年时候。 专家反刍了关于威胁进一步衰落的增长的库存标准。 油出口的国家的政府削减预算反射失去的收支。 今天，情况在石油市场上一年前在另一个世界似乎发生了。 油价加倍了从2007年1月到2008年1月。 当他们上升了，存货下降了。 并且，当价格涌起了，油出口的国家的政府校正他们的预算剥削意外收获。 价格上升，对多数人，是奥秘。 2007年石油市场未由国际事件震动。 一个主要油出口的国家的领导未被刺杀。 出口国家的主要油没有体验一次革命。 地震或其他自然灾害未毁坏主要产石油的设施。 相反，全球性情况似乎改善2007年。 也没有消耗量“惊奇”。 当用途上升了在普通的程度上在2007年期间，拉扯高度按国家象中国，上升时在历史经验之内期望了和。 聚集市场条件，简而言之，不解释价格加倍。 油价应该今天在$50和$70之间每桶。 那么发生了什么事? 在我的意图，在2007年二次能源政策行动驾驶了价格到几乎$100。 左未改变，在2008年内这些行动将采取价格更高。 第一次政策行动是要求几乎所有硫磺从柴油和汽油的撤除新的章程的税收在美国、欧洲和某些个亚洲国家。 在过去十年，环境官员横跨世界在汽油和柴油强迫去渣机切开硫磺。 去年美国。 要求少于每百万的延长的规则10份硫磺对多数柴油。 这1月相似的标准为汽油在欧共体进入作用。 那些生活在市区有和继续享受从这些新的章程的极大的环境好处。 去渣机通过投资符合了这些新的要求在硫磺撤除设备。 他们的纪录在过去十年期间是卓越的。 投资使他们由粗暴原料的生产低硫磺产品与非常高硫磺含量。 另外，虽然，章程创造了对非常低硫磺原油的更加强烈的需求。 低硫磺原油(包含少于0.5%的那些硫磺)比高硫磺原油可以更加容易地被处理成低硫磺产品。

求教英语高手 中英文摘要翻译 不胜感激，在线等~

2008 and the year international oil price go through climax and low tide most in the past five years. The achievement of China Petrochemical Industry is that the climax happens frequently very dangerously too in this violent fluctuation. Among them has exposed a lot of Chinese petrochemical industry enterprises in the face of the unripe fact while fluctuating at the international oil price. It has special conduction mechanisms that the oil price influences national economy. Generally speaking, oil price shock wave can produce and strike to one petrochemical industry trade of country at first, later conducted it to other trades. And the petrochemical industry is the basic industry of our country, permeate the surface widely and involving the range great characteristic. So the intensity that the petrochemical industry is assaulted has just determined the intensity that national economy is struck. China Petrochemical Industry visits the integrated energy chemical company from head to foot, has important strategic position in our national economy. Just because China's petrochemical industry has special status, while studying and analyzing problems such as the impact on economy of our country of the oil price,etc., it seems very essential to study the impact on China's petrochemical industry of the oil price. This text uses the principles and methods of economics, statistics, analyze etc. that measures the economic model through time series analysis, relevance, regard oil price as the basic variable, has compared and analysed the business performance of China's petrochemical industry between three years of 2008 and 2006. Explore the influence degree to China's petrochemical industry business performance of the oil price. Do you discuss how to avoid the oil Negative effect which the price change brings to China's petrochemical industry. Raise the dynamic role that enterprises face the change of the oil price. Keyword: Oil price, China's petrochemical industry, business performance, the time array predicts the law

请英文好的朋友帮忙翻译下列文字

原文：

石油危机：

摆脱不了战争的影子

如果从近年油价上涨的轨迹看，新一轮石油属于“渐进式”上涨，到2008年达到了矛盾爆发的“临界点”。纵观近年来的国际环境，油价同样摆脱不了战争的影子。

有学者早就提出“2004年是石油危机的爆发之年”，这一年正是伊战爆发的第二年。

有数据显示，伊战爆发一周年后，由于战争显现出持久战迹象，原本认为战争会很快结束的想法，逐渐转变成了对石油供应的担忧。当年3月27日，国际原油期货首次超过每桶30美元。此后，伊战背景下的油价上涨速度明显加快：2004年为41.5美元，2005年为56.7美元，2006年为66.2美元，2007年（截至10月份）为72.5美元。而到了2008年1月3日，国际原油期货价格盘中首次突破100美元。

前美联储主席格林斯潘在回忆录中，隐讳地表达了伊战的石油政治企图，认为两场战争（海湾战争与伊战）是两次石油危机的逻辑连接点。

能源争夺：

炒作油价的“政治土壤”

北京大学国际关系学院博士生导师、《美国国家战略》一书的作者刘金质教授认为，新一轮石油危机的蔓延，与前几次石油供应骤然减少不同，这次危机中石油供需不存在石油短缺的情况。在供需没发生根本改变的情况下，这次油价飙升的炒作成分更多些。在各国重视能源、争夺能源的大背景下，国际油价显得非常“敏感”，从而易于被各种市场与政治力量无限“放大”。

如果从更大范围观察，除了资本在炒作能源外，各国实际上也在“炒”能源，争夺能源的“无硝烟战争”氛围很浓厚。非洲与北极自去年以来备受关注，就是因为这两个区域将是未来油气开采的新领地。

同样，自去年以来，伊朗、委内瑞拉两国一直在利用“能源武器”拓展外交空间。由于伊朗能源丰富，欧盟、俄罗斯、日本、印度等国与伊朗存在能源合作，极大牵制了安理会对伊朗制裁的步伐，使美国孤立伊朗的任何企图都变得复杂化。对委内瑞拉的查韦斯来说，国内油气资源则是对抗美国的核心本钱。

刘金质教授认为，俄罗斯日益娴熟地动用“能源牌”，就是发挥“能源外交”的很好案例。在全球能源问题日益突出的背景下，俄罗斯将提高油气产能、发展对外油气合作作为拓展国家利益、提升大国地位的重要手段，借此加快自身国力的恢复与发展。

“心理预期”推高油价

早在2008年前，就有科学家认为，石油生产的“巅峰”时期将在未来5~10年到来。一旦石油生产“巅峰”时代到来，石油产量将逐年下降。

从长远看，由于全球对能源需求预期的增量呈上升趋势，而能源又具有不可再生与稀缺性，类似“心理预期”将使油价始终维持高位运行。

即便是类似太阳能、风能、生物源这样的再生能源，在最好的情况下，也只能满足工业化国家能源需求的四分之一。虽然供需矛盾短期内可以解决，油价短期内可以迅速回落，但从长期来说，“能源逐步枯竭论”的预期，始终是投机资本兴风作浪的支撑点。

因此，要想解决国际油价的攀升，还必须消除全球对今后能源生产与供应不足的担忧，化解类似“石油枯竭”的心理预期。不过，就目前来看，“能源短缺”的心理预期显然无法消除。

翻译： (中文 ? 英语)

The oil crisis:

Could not escape the shadow of war

If rising oil prices in recent years from the track, a new round of oil a "gradual" rise to the 2008 outbreak of the conflict reached a "critical point." Looking at the international environment in recent years, oil prices also could not escape the shadow of war.

Some scholars have long put forward the "oil crisis in 2004 is the year of the outbreak," This year is the second year of the war in Iraq broke out.

Statistics show that after the first anniversary of the outbreak of the war in Iraq, the war showed signs of a protracted war, was that war would end very soon the idea of a gradual change in the oil supply concerns. That on March 27, the first international crude oil futures more than 30 U.S. dollars a barrel. Since then, the war in Iraq against the background of the rising oil prices significantly speed up the pace: in 2004 was 41.5 dollars in 2005 to 56.7 U.S. dollars and 66.2 U.S. dollars for 2006, 2007 (as at October) to 72.5 U.S. dollars. And to the January 3, 2008, after international crude oil futures prices exceeded 100 U.S. dollars.

Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan in his memoirs, Yin Hui expressed the political attempts to Iraq's oil that the two wars (the Gulf War and the war in Iraq) is the two oil crises of the logic connection point.

Energy for:

The oil price speculation "political soil"

Institute of International Relations at Peking University doctoral tutor, "U.S. national strategy," a book the author Professor Liu Jinzhi, a new round of the spread of the oil crisis, and on previous occasions to reduce the supply of oil suddenly different, the crisis in oil supply and demand of oil shortage does not exist The situation. Did not occur in the supply and demand fundamental change in the circumstances, the surge in oil prices of more components such speculation. In countries attach importance to energy, energy for the big context, the international oil price is very "sensitive" and thus easy to market and the various political forces unlimited "Larger."

If the larger scope of observation, in addition to the capital in energy speculation, in fact all countries are "speculation" energy, energy for the "no smoke of war" atmosphere is very strong. Africa and the Arctic since last year of concern, it is because the two regions will be the future of oil and gas exploitation of the new territory.

Similarly, since last year, Iran and Venezuela have been using "energy weapon" expanding its diplomatic space. As energy-rich Iran, the European Union, Russia, Japan, India and other countries for energy cooperation with Iran exist, the Council's great to contain the pace of sanctions on Iran, the United States any attempt to isolate Iran have become complicated. Venezuela's Chavez, the domestic oil and gas resources is the core capital against the United States.

Professor Liu Jinzhi that Russia increasingly skilful use of "energy card", is to play "energy diplomacy" very good case. In the global energy issues have become increasingly prominent as a backdrop, Russia will increase oil production capacity, the development of foreign oil and gas cooperation as the interests of developing countries, upgrading the status of an important means to accelerate its national strength of the recovery and development.

"Psychological expected to" push up oil prices

As early as 2008, scientists have considered that the oil production "peak" period in the next five to 10 arrival. Once oil production "peak" times come, oil production will decline year by year.

The long run, global demand for energy due to the expected incremental upward trend, but also with non-renewable energy and scarce, similar to "psychological expectations" will always maintain high oil prices.

Even if the similar solar, wind, biological sources such renewable energy sources, in the best of circumstances, can only meet the energy needs of the industrialized countries of the quarter. Although the conflict between supply and demand can be solved in the short term, oil prices could rapidly fall in the short term, but long term, "gradual depletion of energy," expected, is always the strong point of speculative capital stir up trouble.

Therefore, in order to solve the rising international oil prices, we must also eliminate the future of global energy production and supply shortage concerns, similar to defuse the "oil depletion" psychological expectations. However, the present situation, "energy shortage" of the psychological expectations obviously can not eliminate.

经济行业常用的英语词汇

经济行业常用的英语词汇

　导语：经济是价值的创造、转化与实现;人类经济活动就是创造、转化、实现价值，满足人类物质文化生活需要的活动。下面是我收集整理的经济行业常用的英语词汇，欢迎参考!

　1. 出租车起步价 flag down fare

　2. 法定准备金率 required reserve ratio

　3. 实体经济 real economy 虚拟经济 fictitious economy

　4. 反盗版 anti-piracy 知识产权 intellectual property rights

　5. 出口退税 tax rebates 人民币升值 the yuan?s appreciation

　6. 信贷紧缩 credit crunch 次贷危机 subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率 prime rate

　7. 翻盖手机 flip/clamshell 滑盖手机 slide phone 直板手机 bar phone

　8. 经济适用房 economically affordable house

　9. 安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

　10 .住房保障制度 housing security system

　11. 大宗交易系统 block trading system 竞价交易系统 bid trading system

　12. 暴利税 windfall tax

　13. 整容手术 cosmetic surgery (face ?lifting)

　14. 双眼皮手术 double eyelid operation 鼻子手术 nose job

　15. 从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy

　16. 宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy

　17. 审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy

　18. 油价飙升 oil prices surge

　19. 原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge

　20. 石油输出国组织 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)

　21. 原油储备 crude oil stockpiles

　22. 轻质原油 light sweet crude

　23. 使人均GDP翻两番 to quadruple per capita GDP

　24. 股权收购、股权投资 stake purchase ; take stakes

　25. 世界巡演 worldwide tour 复出巡演 comeback tour

　26. 个体工商户 self?employed people

　27. 房屋中介 letting agent 保险经纪人 insurance agent 地产经纪人 estate agent

　28. 直销 direct selling 传销 pyramid selling

　29. 漫游费 roaming fee 单向收费 one -way charge 来电免费业务 free incoming calls

　30. 吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback

　31. 洗钱 money laundering

　32. 透支 overdraft

　33. 股市牛年 bullish year

　34. 上市子公司 listed subsidiary

　35. 海关税收 customs revenue

　36. 税收减免 tax break

　37. 二流货的 cut?rate

　38. 高端产品 high end product

　39. 货币升值 revaluation

　40. 跳槽 job?popping

　41. 大片 blockbuster

　42. 货币经纪人 money broker

　43. 起征点 cutoff point

　44. 暴发户;新贵 upstart

　45. 养老保险 endowment insurance

　46. 解雇金 severance pay

　47. 勾销债款 write off

　48. 高峰期 peak season

　49. 职员总数 headcount

　50. 买入股票 buy into

　51. 出境游 outbound travel

　52. 逃税 tax evasion

　53. 公开募款 initial public offering

　54. 新闻专线 newswire

　55. 衰退 downturn

　56. 由?推出 bow out

　57. 便携式游戏机 PSP

　58. 负有责任的 accountable

　59. 精炼厂，炼油厂 refinery

　60. 杀手 hit man

　61. 官方证明书 clearance

　62. 家禽流行病 epizonntic

　63. 辞职;下台 step down

　64. 门户网站 portal

　65. 小轿车 sedan

　66. 战略石油储备 strategic petroleum reserve

　67. 半导体 semiconductor

　68. 基准点，衡量标准 benchmark

　69. 出口补贴 export subsidy

　70. 对?不太重视 play down

　71. 记账卡，签帐卡 charge card

　72. 反托拉斯 anti?trust

　73. 资产负债表 balance sheet

　74. 最佳位置 最佳时期 sweet spot

　75. 货存，库存量 inventory

　76. 集体诉讼 class action

　77. 反倾销 antidumping

　78. 不足，赤字，差额 shortfall

　79. 美国联邦储备系统 Federal Reserve

　80. 资本净值 net worth

　81. 汇丰银行 HSBC

　82. 国际货币基金组织 IMF

　83. 财务欺诈 accounting fraud

　84. 国际套利资本 hot money

　市场相关英语词汇

　营销中心的沟通职责 the communication responsibility of the marketing center

　顾客需求信息:demand information of customers

　新品信息:information of new products

　竞品情况:situation of compatible products

　品种计划:variety plan

　市场环境信息:information of the market environment

　行业发展情况:developing situation of the industry

　市场细分:subdivision of the market

　市场定位:market positioning

　顾客购买习惯:purchasing habits of customers

　顾客购买力:purchasing power of customers

　顾客满意信息:satisfaction information of customers

　订货信息:information of ordering goods

　顾客投诉:customers? complaints

　营销员培训要求:training request for the marketing employee

　经销商培训要求:training request for the distributor

　员工素质分析:workers? educational level analysis

　设计处:design division

　市场部:market department

　建议:suggest

　品尝:taste

　研发中心:research and invention center

　计划:plan

　定型:finalize the design

　营销中心:marketing center

　生产中心:production center

　供应部:supply department

　市场部:market department

　广告媒体:advertisement media

　营销中心:marketing center

　广告处:advertisement division

　营销大区:large section of marketing

　品牌规划:trademark plan

　财务部:financial department

　业务部:business department

　供应部:supply department

　需求计划:requirements planning

　生产中心:production center

　储运部:warehousing and transportation department

　业务部:business department

　品质部:quality department

　相关分厂:relevant branch factory

　业务部:business department

　人力资源部:human resources department

　培训实施:implement of the training

　反馈:feedback

　研发中心的沟通职责 the communication responsibility of the research and invention center

　竞品情况:situation of compatible products

　新原料情况:situation of new material

　新技术情况:situation of new technology

　新原理情况:situation new principle

　市场要求:requirement of the market

　指令下达:send down the instruction

　各研发部:each research and invention department

　研发中心:research and invention center

　研发计划:research and invention plan

　新品:new products

　反馈:feedback

　市场部:market department

　定型:finalize the design

　研发中心:research and invention center

　反馈:feedback

　生产中心:production center

　供应部:supply department

　品质部:quality department

　财务部:financial department

　原材料进货:raw and processed materials merchandise purchases

　品质部:quality department

　不合格:unqualified

　供应部:supply department

　中心化验室:central laboratory

　合格:qualified

　储运处:warehousing and transportation division

　生产现场:field of production

　品质部:quality department

　检测:detecting

　考核:examining

　生产分厂:production branch factory

　产成品:finished goods

　品质部:quality department

　储运处:warehousing and transportation division

　经销商:distributor

　顾客投诉:customers? complaints

　品质部:quality department

　中心化验室:central laboratory

　生产分厂:production branch factory

　制定纠正措施:establishing rectification measures

　品质培训计划:quality training plan

　品质培训quality training

　生产中心的沟通职责 the communication responsibility of the production center

　人力资源部:human resources department

　营销中心:marketing center

　供应部:supply department

　人员供应:personnel supply

　需求:demand

　要货计划:goods demand plan

　原料供应:raw material supply

　研发中心:research and invention center

　生产工艺:manufacturing technique

　生产中心:production center

　原料储存:raw material storage

　储运处:warehousing and transportation division

　设备处:facility division

　调度计划:dispatching plan

　品质部:quality department

　各生产分厂:each production branch factory

　各生产班组:each production team

　储运处:warehousing and transportation division

　员工素质:educational level of workers

　员工培训要求:workers? training requirement

　各生产分厂:each production branch factory

　生产中心:production center

　人力资源部:human resources department

　培训计划:training plan

　培训实施:training implementing

　生产中心:production center

　质量标准:quality standard

　消耗标准:consumption standard

　产量标准 output standard

　现场标准:field standard

　纪律标准 discipline standard

　培训标准 training standard

　其它标准 other standards

　各制面分厂:each noodle producing branch factory

　各生产班组:each production team

　考核:examining

　人力资源部:human resources department

　生产中心:production center

　人力资源部的沟通职责 the communication responsibility of the human resources department

　各部门人员需求:personnel demand of each department

　人员需求规划:personnel demand plan

　人员变动情况:personnel alteration situation

　人力资源部:human resources department

　信息发布:information release

　广告媒体:advertisement media

　人员需求规划:personnel demand plan

　公司各部门:each department of the company

　内部招聘:recruitment inside the company

　外部招聘:recruitment outside the company

　岗前培训:training before taking the job

　公司各部门:each department of the company

　公司各部门培训规划:training plan of each department of the company

　员工素质调查:investigation of workers? educational level

　公司培训要求:training requirement of the company

　人力资源部:human resources department

　培训计划:training plan

　培训实施:training implementing

　反馈:feedback

　公司各部门:each department of the company

　各用人部门:each staffing department

　工作表现:task performance

　工作纪律:task discipline

　工作成绩:task achievement

　人力资源部:human resources department

　转岗:job transfer

　晋降职:promotion or demotion

　表彰:commend

　晋降薪:salary increase or decrease

　其它激励:other inspiritment

　解聘:dismissal from employment

　辞退:discharge

　离职:quit

　其它:others

　相关部门审批:examine and approved by relevant department

　人力资源部:human resources department

　办理手续:fulfilling formalities

　相关部门:relevant department

　离职:leave the post

　公司新闻:company?s news

　公司报刊:company?s newspaper

　外来文件:exterior documents

　内部文件:interior documents

　会议精神:spirit of the meeting

　报刊信件:newspapers and letters

　宣传材料:propaganda materials

　行政部administrative department

　各相关部门:each relevant department

　基层员工:employees of grass roots

　基层员工:employees of grass roots

　合理化建议:rationalization proposal

　各部门:each department

　行政部administrative department

　方针政策:guidelines and policies

　上级领导:superior leaders

　外来宾客:guests

　新闻单位:press units

　政府人员: agents

　行政部administrative department

　相关部门:relevant department

　供应部的沟通责任 the communication responsibility of the supply department

　营销中心:marketing center

　生产中心:production center

　研发中心:research and invention center

　基建处:capital construction division

　各部门:each department

　促销品:sales promotion products

　原材料:raw and processed materials

　研发材料:research and invention materials

　基建材料:capital construction materials

　办公用品:office supplies

　供应部:supply department

　供应商:supplier

　对供应商的评价:appraisement to the suppliers

　董事会:board of directors

　总裁:president(director-general)

　企业特别助理:special assistant of the enterprise

　行政副总裁:administrative deputy president

　财务副总裁:financial deputy president

　企划部:Enterprise Planning Department

　营销中心:marketing center

　人力资源部:human resources department

　储运部:warehousing and transportation department

　生产中心:production center

　供应部:supply department

　监察委:supervision committee

　研发中心:research and invention center

　行政部administrative department

　财务部:financial department

　审计部:audit department

　平面设计处:Graphic Design Division

　广告处:advertisement Division

　品牌规划处:trademark planning Division

　市场部:market department

　各营销大区:each large section of marketing

　业务部:business department

　各制面分厂:each noodle producing branch factory

　各分公司:each branch company

　设备处:facility division

　动力工程处:power engineering division

　质量管理处:quality control division

　各研发部:each research and invention department

　中心实验室:central laboratory

　外联处:exterior communication division

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